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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Infection in Red ...
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Short Description: *Foxes were infected either intratracheally with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus (H5N1) or by being fed chicks infected with HPAI virus ...
Content Inside: DOI: 10.3201/eid1412.080470 Suggested citation for this article: Reperant LA, van Amerongen G, van de Bildt MWG, Rimmelzwaan GF, Dobson AP, Osterhaus ADME, et al. Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (H5N1) infection in red foxes fed infected bird carcasses. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Dec; [Epub ahead of print] Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) Infection in Red Foxes Fed Infected Bird Carcasses Leslie A. Reperant, Geert van Amerongen, Marco W.G. van de Bildt, Guus F. Rimmelzwaan, Andrew P. Dobson, Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus, and Thijs Kuiken Author affiliations: Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA (L.A. Reperant, A.P. Dobson); and Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (G. van Amerongen, M.W.G. van de Bildt, G.F. Rimmelzwaan, A.D.M.E. Osterhaus, T. Kuiken) Eating infected wild birds may put wild carnivores at high risk for infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus (H5N1). To determine whether red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are susceptible to infection with HPAI virus (H5N1), we infected 3 foxes intratracheally. They excreted virus pharyngeally for 37 days at peak titers of 103.5105.2 median tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) per mL; they became ill with severe pneumonia, myocarditis, and encephalitis. To determine whether foxes can become infected by the presumed natural route, we fed infected bird carcasses to 3 other red foxes. These foxes excreted virus pharyngeally for 35 days at peak titers of 104.2104.5 TCID50/mL, but only mild or no pneumonia developed. This study demonstrates that red foxes fed bird carcasses infected with HPAI virus (H5N1) can excrete virus while remaining free of severe disease, thereby potentially playing a role in virus dispersal. Influenza A viruses rarely infect species of the order Carnivora. However, since 2003, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of subtype H5N1 have infected a wide range of carnivore species. Within the past 30 years, and before the emergence of HPAI viruses (H5N1), 5 documented outbreaks of influenza virus infections occurred in 2 carnivore species-- the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) (14), and the American mink (Mustela vison) (5). In both Page 1 of 16
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