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Sigmund Freud
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Short Description: Sigmund Freud. Biography. Sigmund Freud was born May 6, 1856, in Moravia. His family moved to Vienna when he. was four or five, and he lived there for most ...
Content Inside: Sigmund Freud Biography Sigmund Freud was born May 6, 1856, in Moravia. His family moved to Vienna when he was four or five, and he lived there for most of his life. A brilliant child, he went to medical school and studied under physiology a professor named Ernst Brcke. Brcke believed in reductionism, the idea that personality could be "reduced" to neurology. Freud was to abandon this idea later in life. Freud was highly controversial. His books and lectures brought him both fame and ostracism from the mainstream medical community. He drew around him a number of bright sympathizers who became the core of the psychoanalytic movement, but he tended to reject people who did not totally agree with him. Many separated from him and went on to found competing schools of thought. Freud emigrated to England before World War II when Vienna became an increasing dangerous place for Jews, especially ones as famous as Freud. Not long afterward, he died there of cancer. Frued's Theory Freud didn't invent the idea of the conscious versus unconscious mind, but he made it popular. According to him, the conscious mind is what you are aware of at any particular moment, your present perceptions, memories, thoughts, and feelings. Working closely with the conscious mind is what Freud called the preconscious, anything that can easily be made conscious, such as memories you're not thinking about at the moment, but can readily be brought to mind. Freud suggested that these are the smallest parts! Freud suggested that the largest part of the mind is the unconscious. It includes all the things that are not easily available to awareness, including many things that have their origins there, such as our drives or instincts, and things that are put there because we can't bear to look at them, such as the memories and emotions associated with trauma. According to Freud, the unconscious is the source of our motivations, whether they be simple desires for food or sex, neurotic compulsions, or the motivation of an artist or scientist. Freud suggested that we often resist becoming conscious of these motives, and they are usually available to us only in disguised form. The Id, the Ego, and the Superego For Freud, the "organism" occupies a special place in the world. It is special in that it acts to survive and reproduce, and it is guided toward those goals by its needshunger, thirst, pain avoidance, and sex. The nervous system is an essential part of the organism. At birth, the human nervous system is little more than that of any other animal, an "it" or id. The "id" translates the organism's needs into instincts or drives that Freud also called wishes. The id works with the pleasure principle, which is a demand to take care of needs immediately, such as a hungry infant crying. It isn't aware of what it wants, in an adult sense; it just wants it and it wants it now. The infant, in the Freudian view, is essentially pure id.
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